Credit scores are used by lenders to evaluate your credit worthiness. The scores are derived from credit information that your creditors report to the three national credit bureaus. The reported information typically includes your credit limit, balance and repayment history. When you apply for a loan, you authorize the lender to access your credit information, also known as a credit history. Upon receipt of an authorized request, the bureaus provide your credit history to the lender in a uniform format known as a credit report.
The bureaus charge a fee for providing your credit report to the lender and they also charge a fee for scoring your information. Scoring is done by a computer program that awards points for certain information in a report. Each bureau has its own scoring program and as a result, your credit score differs between the bureaus. Credit scores are useful to lenders because they provide an objective method of comparing your information to the information of other consumers. The higher your credit score, the better the loan programs and interest rates that are available to you.
Credit scores range from 300 to 850. Perfect credit is generally considered to be 780 and above. Excellent credit is 720 and above and good credit is 680 and above. Fair credit is considered to be in the range of 620 to 680. For lower credit scores, loan qualification will depend upon a strong showing of qualifying income, assets or a larger down-payment.
While the exact calculation is not disclosed by the credit bureaus, scoring is generally determined as follows: